NutriSpeak - "Becoming Vegan" References

"Becoming Vegan" References

It was not possible for us to include this complete list of references in Becoming Vegan itself, however we are pleased to make this list available to you via the web. The first section includes references used for the whole book. References for specific sections follow, listed by chapter.

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References for whole book

Agren JJ. Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte, platelet, and serum lipids in strict vegans. Lipids 1995 Apr;30(4):365-9.

American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada, Manual of Clinical Dietetics, Vegetarian Nutrition chapter, 2000

Brown et al. State of the World 2000. Worldwatch Inst. http://www.world watch.org

Draper A. The energy and nutrient intakes of different types of vegetarian: a case for supplements? Br J Nutr 1993 Jan;69(1):3-19. erratum Br J Nutr 1993;70(3):812].

ESHA The Food Processor Nutrition Analysis Program, http://www.esha.com 1-800-659-3742

Fraser GE. Diet and coronary heart disease; beyond dietary fats and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 1994 May;59(5 Suppl):1117S-1123S.

Groff J et al Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. West Publ. Co, St Paul MN, 1995.

Haddad EH, et al. Dietary intake and biochemical, hematologic, and immune status of vegans compared with nonvegetarians Am J Clin Nutr, 1999;70(3): 586S-593S.

Janelle K, Barr S. Nutrient intakes and eating behavior scores of vegetarian and nonvegetarian women. J Am Diet Assoc 1995 Feb;95(2):180-6, quiz 187-8.

Kies CV. Mineral utilization of vegetarians: impact of variation in fat intake. Am J Clin Nutr 1988 Sep;48(3 Suppl):884-7.

Key TJ. Dietary habits and mortality in 11,000 vegetarian and health conscious people: results of a 17 year follow up [see comments]. BMJ 1996 Sep 28;313(7060):775-9.

Key TJ et al Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70(suppl):516S-24S.

Krajcovicova-Kudlackova M. Plasma fatty acid profile and alternative nutrition. Ann Nutr Metab 1997;41(6):365-70.

McDowell et al, Energy and macronutrient intake of vitamins, minerals and fiber of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States: Third National health and Nutrition Examination Study, Phase 1, Number 255, National Center for Health Statistics, November 1994

Marcus E, Vegan, The New Ethics of Eating, McBooks Press, 1998.

Messina M, Messina V, The Dietitians Guide to Vegetarian Diets, Gathersburg MD, Aspen Publ; 1996

USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/cgi-bin/nut_search.pl

Meat or wheat for the next millenium? (Conference) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1999; Volume 58

Mills PK. Cancer incidence among California Seventh-Day Adventists, 1976-1982. Am J Clin Nutr 1994 May;59(5 Suppl):1136S-1142S.

Nieman DC. Vegetarian dietary practices and endurance performance. Am J Clin Nutr 1988 Sep;48(3 Suppl):754-61.

Ornish D, et al. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? Lancet 1990; 336: 129-33.

Sanders T, The nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets. Proc Nutr. Soc. 1999;58(2)265-9.

Subcommittee on the 10th Edition of the RDAs, Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1989.

Snowdon DA. Animal product consumption and mortality because of all causes combined, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer in Seventh-Day Adventists. Am J. Clin Nutr 1988;48:739-48.

Spencer, Colin A Heretic’s Feast, University Press of New England, 1995

Stepaniak, Joanne, The Vegan Sourcebook, Lowell House, 1998.

The Report of the Scientific Review Committee. Nutrition Recommendations. Health and Welfare Canada, 1990

Third International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition Am. J. Clin. Nutr.September 1999 Volume 70 (Supplement (entire issue)

Yates A, et al. Dietary Reference Intakes J. Amer. Diet. Assoc. 1998;98:(6):699-705.

Vegetarian Diets. J. Amer. Diet. Assoc. 1997; 97(11):1317-1321.

Vegetarian Nutrition Dietary Practice Group of the American Dietetic Association Issues in Vegetarian Dietetics http://www.vegetariannutritiondpg.org

Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA vegletter@sph.llu.edu

Vieth R. Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:842–56

World Cancer Research Fund in Association with American Institute of Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. Menasha WI: Banta Book Group, 1997.

WHO Study Group on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases. Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Geneva, Tech. Report 797. World Health Organization, 1991.

References for Chapter 1

Ahimsa, July-December 1978, pages 1,3. The American Vegan Society, PO Box 369, Malaga NJ. 08328-0908

Ahimsa, 30th Anniversary Issue, , 31(2), April/June 1990

Dinshah JH, “Out of the Jungle: The Way of Dynamic Harmlessness”, The American Vegan Society, 1995

Holroyd, Michael, Bernard Shaw, Vol 1, Chatto and Windus, 1988.

International Vegetarian Union website at http://www.ivu.org/

Marcus E, Vegan, The New Ethics of Eating, McBooks Press, 1998.

Newberry, RC, Webster, AB, Lewis, NJ, Arnam, CV, Management of Spent Hens, Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science Volume 2 (1)13-29, 1999

Regan, T The Case for Animal Rights

Spencer, Colin A Heretic’s Feast, University Press of New England, 1995

Stepaniak, Joanne, The Vegan Sourcebook, Lowell House, 1998.

The Virtuous Path, The Dhammapada of the Buddha, The American Vegan Society, 1995

Environmental References

All About Odours in Animal Agriculture and the Environment: Nutrients, Pathogens and Community Relations. Proceedings from the animal Agriculture and the Environment Conference; New York, 1986.

Conservation Foundation. Agriculture and the Environment in a Changing World Economy; Washington DC, 1986.

Cummings, D. Issue: Environmental Impacts of Large Animal Production. USDA-Center for Emerging Issues Issue:1998.

Eng K, Nutrition, manure, environment do not equal a simple equation. Feedstuffs, October 21, 1996.

Environmental risks of livestock and poultry production; http://www.senate.gov/~agriculture/animalw.htm

Lee, E, Plillips C Dietary Choice: It Affects the Planet’s Health Too. Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter, Loma Linda University. 1999;(4):1-3

Nowlin, M. Environmental implications of livestock production. J Soil Water Conservation 1997; 52

US Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington DC, Cattle-Fax Inc: Grain Utilization in the Livestock and Poultry Industries, Engelwood Colo; December 8, 1989.

Williams: Overfishing disrupts entire ecosystems. Science, 1998;279:(5352)809

Lee, E, Plillips C Dietary Choice: It Affects the Planet’s Health Too. Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter, Loma Linda University. 1999;(4):1-3

References for Chapter 2

Abdulla M. Nutrient intake and health status of vegans. Chemical analyses of diets using the duplicate portion sampling technique. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; Nov;34(11):2464-77.

American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian Diets. JADA 1997; V 97, No. 11:1317-132.

Brown et al. State of the World 2000. Worldwatch Institute, Washington DC, 1999. (visit the Worldwatch web site at: www.world watch.org)

Carlson E. A comparative evaluation of vegan, vegetarian, and omnivore diets. J Plant Foods 1985; 6:89-100.

Chiu JF. Long-term vegetarian diet and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Taiwanese Women. Calcif Tissue Int 1997; Mar;60(3):245-9.

Craig, WJ. Nutrition and Wellness...A vegetarian way to better health. Golden Harvest Books, Berrien Springs Michigan, 1999.

Dagnalie PC and Van Stavern WA. Macrobiotic nutrition and child health: results of a population-based mixed-longitudinal cohort study in The Netherlands. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59(suppl):1187S-96S.

de Lorgeril M et al. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 1999; Feb. 16;99:779-785.

Draper A. The energy and nutrient intakes of different types of vegetarian: a case for supplements? [published erratum appears in Br J Nutr 1993 Nov;70(3):812]. Br J Nutr 1993; Jan;69(1):3-19.

Elliot RB, Harris DP, Hill JP Bibby NJ and Wasmuth HE. Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and cow milk: casein variant consumption. Diabetologia 1999; 42; 292-296.

Ellis F and Montegriffo V. Veganism, clinical findings and investigations. Am J Clin Nutr 1970;Vol.23 No.3:249-255.

Esselstyn CB Jr. Updating a 12-year experience with arrest and reversal therapy of coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 1999; Aug 1;84(3):339-41.

Fraser GE. Effect of risk factor values on lifetime risk of and age at first coronary event. The Adventist Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1995;142:746-758.

Fraser GE. Diet and coronary heart disease; beyond dietary fats and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; May;59(5 Suppl):1117S-1123S.

Groff JL, Gropper SS, Hunt SM. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. West Publishing Co, St Paul MN, 1995.

Guggenheim, K, Weiss Y and Fostick M. Composition and nutritive value of diets comsumed by strict vegetarians. Brit J Nutr 1962;16:467-474.

Haddad EH, Berk LS, Kettering JD, Hubbard RW, Peters WR. Dietary intake and biochemical, hematologic, and immune status of vegans compared with Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70(3): 586S-593S.

Hardinge, MG and Stare FJ. Nutritional studies of vegetarians: 1. Nutritional, physical and laboratory studies. J Clin Nutr 1954; 2:73-82, March-April .

Hu JF et al. Dietary calcium and bone density among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:219-227.

Hunt IF. Bone mineral content in postmenopausal women: comparison of omnivores and vegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; Sep;50(3):517-23.

Key TJ. Dietary habits and mortality in 11,000 vegetarian and health conscious people: results of a 17 year follow up [see comments]. BMJ 1996; Sep 28;313(7060):775-9.

Key TJ, Fraser GE, Thorogood M, Appleby P, Beral V, Reeves G, Burr M, Chang-Claude J, Frentzel-Beyme R, Kuzma JW, Mann J and McPherson K. Mortality in vegetarians and nonvegetarians: detailed findings from a collaborative analysis of 5 prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70(suppl):516S-24S.

Keys, A. Seven Countries: A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1980.

Kontessis PA. Renal, metabolic, and hormonal responses to proteins of different origin in normotensive, nonproteinuric type I diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 1995; Sep;18(9):1233.

Larsen et al. The link between high-fat meals and postprandial activation of blood coagulation factor VII possibly involves kallidrein. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2000; Feb;60(1):45-54.

Lau EM. Bone mineral density in Chinese elderly female vegetarians, vegans, lacto-vegetarians and omnivores. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; Jan;52(1):60-4.

Li D et al. The association of diet and thrombotic risk factors in healthy male vegetarians and meat-eaters. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:612-619.

Mann, Li, Sinclair et al. The effect of diet on plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy male subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999; Nov;53 (11):895-9.

Marsh AG, Sanchez TVand Michelson O. Vegetarian lifestyle and bone mineral density. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48:837-841.

Mann JI. Dietary determinants of ischemic heart disease in health conscious individuals. Heart 1997; Nov;78(5):450-5.

McDougall J. Rapid reduction of serum cholesterol and blood pressure by a twelve-day, very low fat, strictly vegetarian diet. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; Oct;14(5):491-6.

Messina M, Messina V, The Dietitians Guide to Vegetarian Diets, Gathersburg MD, Aspen Publishers; 1996.

Mezzano, D, Beilin LJ. Vegetarian and other complex diets, fats, fiber, and hypertension. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; May;59(5 Suppl):1130S-1135S.

Mezzano et al. Vegetarians and cardiovascular risk factors: hemostasis, inflammatory markers and plasma homocystein. Thromb Haemost 1999; Jun 81(6):913-7.

Millet P. Guilland J. Francois F et al. Nutrient intake and vitamin status of healthy French vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Am J Clin Nutr 1989;50:718-27.

Mills PK. Cancer incidence among California Seventh-Day Adventists, 1976-1982. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; May;59(5 Suppl):1136S-1142S.

O'Connell JM. Growth of vegetarian children: The Farm Study. Pediatrics 1989;V 84, No.3:475-481.

Ornish D, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW et al. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? Lancet 1990; 336: 129-33.

Ornish D, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Gould KL, Merritt TA, Sparler S, Armstrong WT, Ports TA, Kirkeeide RL, Hogeboom C, Brand RJ. Intensive lifestyle changes for reversal of coronary heart disease. JAMA 1998; Dec 16;280(23):2001-7.

Pan W-H. Hemostatic factors and blood lipids in young Buddhist vegetarians and omnivores. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:354-359.

Sanders TAB and Ellis FR. Haematological studies on vegans. Br J Nutr 1978;40:9-15.

Sanders TAB. Growth and development of British vegan children. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; Sept;48(3 Suppl):822-5.

Sanders T, The nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets. Proc Nutr. Soc. 1999;58(2)265-9.

Shinwell ED and Gorodischer R. Totally vegetarian diets and infant nutrition. Pediatrics 1982;70:582-586.

Snowdon DA. Animal product consumption and mortality because of all causes combined, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer in Seventh-Day Adventists. Am J. Clin Nutr 1988; 48:739-48.

The Report of the Scientific Review Committee. Nutrition Recommendations. Health and Welfare Canada, 1990

Third International Congress on Vegetarian Nutrition Am J Clin Nutr 1999; Volume 70 (Supplement (entire issue)

Yates A, Schlicker S and Suitor C. Dietary Reference Intakes; The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins and choline. J. Amer. Diet. Assoc. 1998; 98:(6):699-705.

Vegetarian Diets. J. Amer. Diet. Assoc. 1997; 97(11):1317-1321.

Vegetarian Nutrition Dietary Practice Group of the American Dietetic Association Issues in Vegetarian Dietetics http://www.vegetariannutritiondpg.org

Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA. vegletter@sph.llu.edu

World Cancer Research Fund in Association with American Institute of Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. Menasha WI: Banta Book Group, 1997.

WHO Study Group on Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases. Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Diseases. Geneva, Switzerland: Technical Report Series No. 797. World Health Organization, 1991.

References for Chapter 3

Appleby, PN, Thoroughgood M, Mann, JI and Key T, The Oxford Study: an overview. Amer. J.Clin, Nutr, 1999 (suppl):525S-31S

Ball D, Maughan RJ. Blood and urine acid-base status of premenopausal omnivorous and vegetarian women. British Journal of Nutrition. 1997;8(5):683-93.

ESHA The Food Processor Nutritional Analysis Program

Messina M, Messina V, The Dietitians Guide to Vegetarian Diets: Issues and Applications, Chapter 3 and Appendix A. Gathersburg MD, Aspen Publishers; 1996

Millward, J. Meat or wheat for the next millenium? The nutritional value of plant-based diets in relation to human amino acid and protein requirements. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 1999;58:249-260.

Report of Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation, Protein Quality Evaluation, Food and Nutrition Paper 51, FAO of the United Nations, 1991

Pennington, JA. Bowes and Church’s Food Values of Portions Commonly Used. 16th ed. JB Lippincott Co, Philadelphia 1994.

Protein in Vegetarian Diets. Vegetarian Health Letter, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda CA vegletter@sph.llu.edu 1998;1(7):1-3

USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference at http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/cgi-bin/nut_search.pl

References for Chapter 4

Anderson JW, Johnstone BM, Cook-Newell ME. Meta-analysis of the effects of soy protein intake on serum lipids. New Eng J Med 1995; Aug 3;333(5):276-82.

Anderson JW, Zeigler JA, Deakins DA, Floore TL, Dillon DW, Wood CL, Oeltgen PR, Whitley RJ.

Metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets for insulin-dependent diabetic individuals. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; Nov;54(5):936-43.

Ågren J, Törmalä M, Nenonen M, Hänninen, O. Fatty acid composition of erythrocyte, platelet, and serum lipids in strict vegans. Lipids 1995; 30:365-369.

American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian Diets. JADA 1997; V 97, No. 11:1317-132.

Barnard RJ. Effects of life-style modification of serum lipids. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:1389-1394.

Conquer JA. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid as a source of eicosapentaenoic acid in vegetarians and omnivores. Lipids 1997;32:341-345.

Conquer JA, Holub BJ. Supplementation with an algae source of docosahexanoic acid increases (n-3) fatty acid status and alters selected risk factors for heart disease in vegetarian subjects. J Nutr 1996;126:3032-3039.

Crane MG, Zielinski R, Aloia R. Cis and trans fats in omnivores, lacto-ovo vegetarians and vegans. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48:920 (abstr P2).

Crawford MA costeloe K, Ghebremeskel K, Phylactos A, Skirvin L and Stacey F. Are deficits of arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids reponsible for the neural and vascular complications of preterm babies? Am J Clin Nutr 1997; Oct; 66(4 suppl): 1032S-1041S.

Cunnane SC, Ganguli S, Menard C, Liede AC, Hamadeh MJ, Chen Z, Wolever TMS, Jenkins DJA. High alpha-linolenic acid flaxseed: some nutritional properties in humans. Br J Nutr 1993; 69:443-453.

Dagnalie P, Van Staveren W. Macrobiotic nutrition and child health: results of a population-based, mixed-longtitudinal cohort study in the Netherlands. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59(suppl):1187S-1196S.

Draper A, Lewis J, Malhotra N, Wheeler E. The energy and nutrient intakes of different types of vegetarian: a case for supplements? [published erratum appears in Br J Nutr 1993 Nov;70(3):812]. Br J Nutr 1993; Jan;69(1):3-19.

de Lorgeril M, Salen P, Martin JL, Monjaud I, Delaye J, Mamelle N. Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 1999; Feb. 16;99:779-785.

de Lorgeril M, Salen MP, Delaye J. Effect of a Mediterranean type of diet on the rate of cardiovascular complications in patients with coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiology 1996; 28(5):1103-8.

D’Amico G, Gentile MG Manna G, Fellin G, Ciceri R, Cofano F, Petrini C, Lavarda F, Perolini S Porrini M. Effect of vegetarian soy diet on hyperlipidemia in nephrotic syndrome. Lancet. 1992; 339:1131-1134.

Fraser GE, Linsted KD, Beeson WL. Effect of risk factor values on lifetime risk of and age at first coronary event: The Adventist Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 1995; 142:746-758.

Gartner C, Stahl W, Sies H. Lycopene is more bioavailable from tomato paste than from fresh tomatoes. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;66:116-122.

Giovannini M, Agostoni C and Salari PC. The role of lipids in nutrition during the first months of life. The Journal of International Medical Research 1991; 19: 351-362.

Hachey DL. Benefits and risks of modifying maternal fat intake in pregnancy and lactation. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59(suppl):454S-64S.

Hoffman DR, Birch EE, Birch DG, Uauy R. Effects of w-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on retinal and cortical development in premature infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57:807S-812S.

Hoffman DR, Birch EE, Birch DG and Uauy R. Fatty acid profile of buccal cheek cell phospholipids as an index for dietary intake of docosahexaenoic acid in preterm infants. Lipids 1999; April 34(4): 337-42.

Janelle KC, Barr SI. Nutrient intakes and eating behavior scores of vegetarian and nonvegetarian women. J Am Diet Assoc 1995; Feb;95(2):180-6, quiz 187-8.

Jarvis K, Millre G. Fat in Infant Diets. Nutrition Today 1996; 31(5):182-191.

Kanazawa T, Osanai T, Zhang XS, Uemura T, Yin XZ, Onodera K, Oike Y, Ohkubo, K. Protective effects of soy protein on the peroxidatizability of lipoproteins in cerebrovascular disease. J Nutr 1995; 125:639S-646S.

Kaplan R, Toshima M. Does a reduced fat diet cause retardation in child growth? Prev Med 1992; 21:33-52.

Keys A, Menotti A, Toshima H. The diet and 15 –year death rate in the Seven Countries Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986; 124(6):903-15.

Kies CV. Mineral utilization of vegetarians: impact of variation in fat intake. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48:884-887.

Krajcovicova-Kudlackova M, Simoncic R, Bederova A, Klvanova J. Plasma fatty acid profile and alternative nutrition. Ann Nutr Metab 1997; 41(6):365-70.

Kushi LH, Folsom AR, Prineas RJ, Mink PJ, Bosick RM. Dietary antioxidant vitamins and death from coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:1156-1162.

McDougall J, Litzau K, Haver E, Saunders V, Spiller GA. Rapid reduction of serum cholesterol and blood pressure by a twelve-day, very low fat, strictly vegetarian diet. J Am Coll Nutr 1995; Oct;14(5):491-6.

Melby CL, Foldflies DG and Toohey ML. Blood pressure differences in older black and white long-term vegetarians and nonvegetarians [published erratum appears in J Am Coll Nutr 1993; Dec;12(6):following table of contents]. J Am Coll Nutr 1993; June;12(3):262-9.

Messina M, Erdman JW, eds. Second International Symposium on the role of soy in preventing and treating chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1998; 68(6S):1329S-1515.

Messina MJ, Messina VL. The Dietitian’s Guide to Vegetarian Diets: Issues and Applications. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers;1996.

Ornish D, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Armstrong WT, Ports TA, McLanahan SM, Kirkeeide RL, Brand RJ, Gould KL. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. Lancet 1990; Jul 21;336(8708):129-33.

Rainey C, Nyquist L. Nuts – Nutrition and health benefits of daily use. Nutrition Today 1997; July/Aug;32(4);157-163.

Sabaté J, Fraser GE, Burke K, Knutsen S, Bennett H, Lindsted KD. Effects of walnuts on serum lipid levels and blood pressure in normal men. N Engl J Med 1993;328:603-607.

Sanders TAB, Reddy S. The influence of a vegetarian diet on the fatty acid composition of human milk and the essential fatty acid status of the infant. Dept Nutr Dietetics 1992;120:S71-77.

Sanders TA. Essential fatty acid requirements of vegetarians in pregnancy, lactation, and infancy. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; Sep;70(3 Suppl):555S-559S.

Shinwell ED, Gorodischer R. Totally vegetarian diets and infant nutrition. Pediatrics 1982 Oct;70(4):582-6.

Siguel, EN, Lerman RH. Altered fatty acid metabolism in patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Metabolism 1994;43:982-993.

Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; Sep;70(3 Suppl):560S-569S.

Simopoulos AP, Robinson J. The Omega Plan. New York NY: Harper Collins Publishers; 1998.

Health and Welfare Canada. Nutrition Recommendations: The Report of the Scientific Review Committee. Ottawa ON: Supply and Services Canada; 1990.

Sola R, Ville AE, Richard JL, Motta C, Bargallo MT, Girona J, Masana L, Jacotot B. Oleic acid rich diet protects against the oxidative modification of high density lipoproteins. Free Redic Biol Med 1997; 22(6):1037-45.

Turley ML, Skeaff CM, Mann JI, Cox B. The effect of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride. Eur J Clin Nutr 1998; Oct;52(10):728-32.

Uauy R, Peirano P, Hoffman D, Mena P, Birch D, Birch E. Role of essential fatty acids in the function of the developing nervous system. Lipids 1996; 31(suppl)167-176.

Uauy R, Hoffman DR. Essential fat requirements of preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; Jan;71(1 Suppl):245S-50S. Review.

Vaisey-Genser M. Flaxseed: Health, Nutrition and Functionality. Winnipeg Canada: The flax council of Canada.

Viola P. Olive Oil and Health. Spain: International Olive Oil Council; 1997.

WHO and FAO Joint Consultation: Fats and Oils in Human Nutrition. Nutr Rev 1994;202-205.

World Cancer Research Fund in Association with American Institute for Cancer Research. Food, Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective. Menasha WI: Banta Book Group; 1997.

Xiang M, Lei S, Li T, Zetterstrom R. Composition of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and growth of young infants in rural areas of northern China. Acta Paediatr 1999; Feb;88(2):126-31.

Zlotkin SH. A review of the Canadian "Nutrition Recommendations Update: Dietary Fat and Children". J Nut 1996; 126:1022S-1027.

References for Chapter 5

merican Diabetes Association. Nutrition recommendations and principles for people with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 1994; 17: 519-22.

Anderson J W, Smith BM and Gustasson J. The practicality of high fibre diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59(supp):1242S-47S.

Cassidy A., Bingham, S.A., Cummings, J.H. Starch intake and colorectal cancer risk: an international comparison. British Journal of Cancer 1994; 69:937-42.

Cummings JH, Macfarlane GT. The control and consequences of bacterial fermentation in the human colon. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1991; 70:443-59.

Davies GJ. Dietary fibre intakes of individual with different eating patterns. Hum Nutr Appl Nutr 1985; Apr;39(2):139-48.

Foster-powell K and Brand Miller J. International tables of glycemic index. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 62:871S-93S.

Harland BF and Morris ER Phytate: good or bad food component? Nutrition Research 1995; Vol.15.No.5:733-754.

Holt, S., Brand Miller, J.C., Petcoz, P. Relationships between satiety and plasma glucose and insulin responses to foods. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society of Australia 1996; 20:177.

Jacobs DR, Slavin J and Marquart L. Whole grain intake and cancer; a review of the literature. Nutrition and Cancer 1995; 24: 221-9.

Livesey G. Metabolizable energy of macronutrients. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 62 (suppl):1135S-42S.

Mackay S and Ball M J. Do beans and oatbran add to the effectivness of a low fat diet? Europ J Clin Nutr. 1992; 46:641-648.

Okano, G., Sato, Y., Takumi, Y., Sugawara, M. Effect of pre-exercise high carbohydrate and high fat meal ingestion on endurance performance and metabolism. International Journal of Sports Medicine 1996; 17:530-534.

Spencer H, Norris C, Durlar J, et al. Effect of oatbran on calcium absorption and calcium, phosphorus, magnesium balance in men. J Nutr 1991; 121:1976-1983.

Stephen, A.M., Sieber, G.M., Gerster, Y.A., Morgan, D.R. Intake of carbohydrate and its components - international comparisons, trends over time and effects of changing to low fat diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;62:851S-67S.

The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Carbohydrates in Human Nutrition, April 1997. http://www.fao.org/WAICENT/FAOINFO/ECONOMIC/ESN/Carbweb/carbo.pfd

References for Chapter 6

General

Gibson R, Anderson BM, and Sabry JH. The trace mineral status of a group of post-menopausal vegetarians. J. Amer. Diet. Assoc. 1983;82(3):246-250.

Gibson R Content and bioavailability of trace elements in vegetarian diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994 59: 1223S-1232S.

Groff JL, Gropper SS, Hunt SM. Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism. West Publishing Co, St Paul MN, 1995.

Kramer L, Osis D, Coffey J, Spencer H. Mineral and trace element content of vegetarian diets. J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 1984;3 (1)3-11.

Messina MJ, Messina VL. The Dietitian’s Guide to Vegetarian Diets: Issues and Applications. Gaithersburg, MD: Aspen Publishers; 1996.

Position of The American Dietetic Association: Vegetarian Diets. J. Amer. Diet. Assoc. 1997; 97(11):1317-1321.

Rosado, JL, Lopez P, Morales M, Munoz E, Allen LH. Bioavailability of energy, nitrogen, fat, zinc, iron and calcium from rural and urban Mexican diets. British J. Nutr. 1992; 68:45-8.

Subcommittee on the 10th Edition of the RDAs, Food and Nutrition Board, Commission on Life Sciences, National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances. 10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1989.

The Report of the Scientific Review Committee. Nutrition Recommendations. Health and Welfare Canada, 1990

Traber, M, The bioavailability bugaboo. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 71: 1029-1030

Yates A, Schlicker S and Suitor C. Dietary Reference Intakes; The new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins and choline. J. Amer. Diet. Assoc. 1998;98:(6):699-705.

Calcium

Alaimo et al, Dietary intake of vitamins, minerals and fiber of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States: Third National health and Nutrition Examination Study, Phase 1, Number 258, National Center for Health Statistics, November 1994.

Anderson, John JB Plant-based diets and bone health: nutritional implications. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.1999 70: 539S-542S.

Dibba B, Prentice A, Ceesay M, Stirling D M, Cole TJ, Poskitt EM. Effect of calcium supplementation on bone mineral accretion in Gambian children accustomed to a low-calcium diet. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000 71: 544-549.

Do vegetarians need less? Update on calcium. Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA. vegletter@sph.llu.edu 1999;2(2):1-3,8.

Eaton, B, Nelson D. Calcium in evolutionary perspective Am.. J. Clin. Nutr., 281S-287S, 1991

Eliott RB, Harris DP, Hill JP, Bibby NJ, Wasmuth HE, Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and cow milk:casein varian consumption. Diabetologia 1999;42(3):292-6

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Gueguen, L, Pointillart A, The bioavailability of dietary calcium. J. Amer. Coll. Nutr, 2000;19 (2):119S-136S.

Guillemant J, Le H-T, Accarie C, Tézenas du Montcel S, Delabroise A-M, Arnaud M and Guillemant S. Mineral water as a source of dietary calcium: acute effects on parathyroid function and bone resorption in young men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 71: 999-1002

Heaney, R, Calcium: how your diet affects requirements, Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter 1(3):1-2, 1998.

Heaney, R. Calcium Lecture, in Vancouver/Burnaby, Canada, April 26, 1999

Heaney R, M, Dowell S, Rafferty K, and Bierman J. Bioavailability of the calcium in fortified soy imitation milk, with some observations on method. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 71: 1166-1169

Heaney, R. There should be a dietary guideline for calcium. Am. J. Clin.. Nutr. 2000;71(3), 658-661

Hu JF, Zhao XH, Jia JB, Parpia B, Campbell TC. Dietary calcium and bone density among middle-aged and elderly women in China. Am. J. Clin.. Nutr. 1993 58: 219-227.

Itoh R, Nishiyama N, and Suyama Y. Dietary protein intake and urinary excretion of calcium: a cross- sectional study in a healthy Japanese population. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998 67: 438-444.

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Munger RG, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC. Prospective study of dietary protein intake and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999 69: 147-152.

Munger, Ronald G, James R Cerhan and Brian C-H Chiu Prospective study of dietary protein intake and risk of hip fracture in postmenopausal women, Am.. J. Clin.. Nutr.. Vol. 69, No. 1, 147-152, January 1999

New, S , Simon P Robins, Marion K Campbell, James C Martin, Mark J Garton, Caroline Bolton-Smith, David A Grubb, Sue J Lee and David M Reid Dietary influences on bone mass and bone metabolism: further evidence of a positive link between fruit and vegetable consumption and bone health? Am.. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000;71(1)142-151.

Simoons, F. The geographic hypothesis and lactose malabsorption: a weighing of the evidence. Digestive Diseases. 1978;23 (11):963-980.

Tucker, Katherine L, Marian T Hannan, Honglei Chen, L Adrienne Cupples, Peter WF Wilson and Douglas P Kiel Potassium, magnesium, and fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with greater bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 1999;Vol. 69, No. 4, 727-736, April

Yates, A.A,. Schlicker, S.A, Suitor, C.W., Dietary reference intakes: the new basis for recommendations for calcium and related nutrients, B vitamins and choline, J. Amer. Dietet Assoc. 98(6);699-705, 1998

Weaver, CM., Proulx, W. R. and Heaney, R Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet. Am.. J. Clin. Nutr. 1999;70(3)543S-548S, September

Weaver, CM., Plawecki K. Dietary calcium: adequacy of a vegetarian diet. Am.. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994;59:1238S-41S.

Iron and Zinc

Alexander D, Ball MJ, Mann J Nutrient intake and haematological status of vegetarians and age-sex matched omnivores. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994;48(8):538-46.

Ball MJ. Bartlett MA. Dietary intake and iron status of Australian vegetarian women. Am.. J. Clin. Nutr. 70(3):353-8, 1999.

Barton JC, et al. Management of hemochromatosis. Annals of Internal Medicine. 1998;129:932-939.

Beard J, Iron: a balancing act. Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter 1998;1(4)1-3.

Cook JD. Adaptation in iron metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1990;51:301-8.

Freeland-Graves J, Mineral adequacy of vegetarian diets. Am. J. Clin.. Nutr.1988;48:859-62.

Gibson R, Donovan U, Heath A, Dietary strategies to improve the iron and zinc nutriture of young women following a vegetarian diet. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 1997;51:1-16

Gleerup A, Rossander-Hulthen L, Gramatkovski E, Hallberg L.Iron absorption from the whole diet. Am.. J. Clin. Nutr. 1995;61, 97-104.

Haddad EH, Berk LS, Kettering JD, Hubbard RW, Peters WR. Dietary intake and biochemical, hematologic, and immune status of vegans compared with nonvegetarians American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999;70(3): 586S-593S.

Hallberg L, Hulthén L. Prediction of dietary iron absorption: an algorithm for calculating absorption and bioavailability of dietary iron. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 71: 1147-1160

Hambraeus L, Animal and plant-based diets and iron status; benefits and costs. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1999;58:235-42.

Hunt JR, Roughead ZK. Adaptation of iron absorption in men consuming diets with high or low iron availability

Kannan S, Factors in vegetarian diets influencing iron and zinc bioavalability. Issues in Vegetarian Dietetics. 1998;VII (3) Spring:1, 7-8.

Looker AC, Dallman PR, Carroll MD, Gunter EW, Johnson CL. Prevalence of iron deficiency in the United States. J.A.M.A. 1997 Mar 26;277(12):973-6

Reddy M, Hurrell R, and Cook J. Estimation of nonheme-iron bioavailability from meal composition Am J Clin Nutr 2000 71: 937-943

Sanders T, The nutritional adequacy of plant-based diets. Proc Nutr. Soc. 1999;58(2)265-9.

Wilson AK, Ball MJ Nutrient intake and iron status of Australian male vegetarians Eur J Clin Nutr 1999 Mar;53(3):189-94.

Xue-Cun C et al, Low levels of zinc in hair and blood, pica, anorexia and growth in Chinese preschool children. Am.. J. Clin. Nutr.. 1985;42:694-700.

Zhu TI, Haas JD, Response of serum transferrin receptor to iron supplementation in iron-depleted, nonanemic women. Am. J. Clin.. Nutr. 1998;67:271-5.

Zinc in Vegetarian Diets. Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA. vegletter@sph.llu.edu 1999;2(7):1-2,7

Iodine

Are vegetarians an 'at risk' group for iodine deficiency? British Journal of Nutrition (1999), 81, 3-4.

Lightowler HJ, Davies GJ.Iodine intake and iodine deficiency in vegans as assessed by the duplicate-portion technique and urinary iodine excretion" British Journal of Nutrition (1998), 80, 529-535

Phaneuf D, Cote I, Dumas P, Ferron LA, LeBlanc A Evaluation of the contamination of marine algae (Seaweed) from the St. Lawrence River and likely to be consumed by humans. Environ Res 1999 Feb;80(2 Pt 2):S175-S182

Remer T. Neubert A. Manz F. Increased risk of iodine deficiency with vegetarian nutrition. British Journal of Nutrition (1999;81:45-49

Selenium

Butcher M, Judd P, Cayhill CP, Peach S, Diplock AT. Current selenium content of foods and an estimation of average intake in the United Kingdom. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 1995;54(suppl):131A.

Judd P, Long A, Butcher M, Cayhill CP, Diplock AT. Vegetarians and vegans may be most at risk from low selenium intakes. British Medical Journal. 1997;314(7097)1834

Schultz TD, Leklem JE. Selenium status of vegetarians, nonvegetarians and hormone dependent cancer subjects. Am. J. Clin.. Nutr. 1983;37:114-118.

Sodium

Kaplan N, The dietary guideline for sodium: should we shake it up? No. Am J Clin Nutr 2000 71: 1020-1026.

McCarron, D The dietary guideline for sodium: should we shake it up? Yes! Am J Clin Nutr 2000 71: 1013-1019

Sodium and health. Vegetarian Nutrition Health Letter, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA. vegletter@sph.llu.edu 2000;3(2)1-3.

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